联合国共同制度及其参与机构

The term common system is shorthand for the United Nations common system of salaries, allowances and other conditions of service. Its origin can be traced to the relationship agreements concluded between the United Nations and the specialized agencies. While the wording of these agreements varies, most of them carry language to the effect that it is agreed to develop common personnel standards, methods and arrangements designed to avoid serious discrepancies in terms and conditions of employment, to avoid competition in recruitment of personnel and to facilitate the interchange of personnel. 

The common system was intended to prevent competition among the organizations in staff recruitment and to facilitate exchange of staff. Other rationales for a common system include:

--Efficiency/economy of scale: central maintenance of salary scales and allowance schedules means far fewer resources have to be deployed for these purposes in each organization;

--Equity/fairness: morale can be jeopardized when staff working side by side have different conditions of service -- a uniform approach lessens such dissatisfaction;

--Cost-efficiency/control: for the Member States, a common set of employment conditions permits an overview of staff costs.

The system comprises the United Nations, its affiliated programmes, thirteen specialized agencies, and one organization with a special status under the ICSC statute. The World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (also known as the Bretton Woods institutions) are not part of the common system.

Staff statistics of United Nations Common System Organizations (Tables) can be found in the Chief Executives Board for Coordination (CEB) website: CEB Annual reports

ORGANIZATION		HEADQUARTERS
	United Nations (UN)	New York
	United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)*	New York
	United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)*	New York
	United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS)*	Copenhagen
	United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)*	Geneva
	United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)*	New York
	United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)*	Gaza
	International Trade Centre (ITC)*	Geneva
	International Labour Organization (ILO)	Geneva
	Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)	Rome
	World Food Programme (WFP)*	Rome
	United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)	Paris
	World Health Organization (WHO)	Geneva
	International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)	Montreal
	Universal Postal Union (UPU)	Bern
	International Telecommunication Union (ITU)	Geneva
	World Meteorological Organization (WMO)	Geneva
	International Maritime Organization (IMO)	London
	World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)	Geneva
	International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)	Rome
	United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)	Vienna
	International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)	Vienna
	World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)	Madrid
	UN Women (UNWomen)*	New York
	International Seabed Authority (ISA)	Jamaica
	United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) *	Geneva
	International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea	Germany