今天想要在Ubuntu环境下搭建一个测试环境,进入Ubuntu系统后,先看了下系统版本
- lsb_release -a
-
- sudo apt-get update
-
在执行后,发现报错如下,发现一个很奇怪的现象,我明明记得源配置的是cn.archive.ubuntu.com,但是发现,系统更新时,自动去找了清华大学的Ubuntu源。why?难道是我源配置的是清华的吗?
- Err:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
- 503 Service Unavailable [IP: 185.125.190.52 80]
- Err:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic InRelease
- 503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
- Err:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
- 503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
- Err:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
- 503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
- Err:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
- 503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
- Reading package lists... Done
-
- sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
-
通过VIM编辑器查看,源地址没错,为什么更新的时候去找了清华源呢?
- See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
- # newer versions of the distribution.
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
-
- ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
- ## distribution.
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
-
- ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
- ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
- ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
-
- ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
- ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
- ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
- ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
- ## security team.
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
-
- ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
- ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
- ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
- ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
- ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
-
- ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
- ## 'partner' repository.
- ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
- ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
- # deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
- # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
-
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
- deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
- # deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
-
带着很多问号,在浏览器打开http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com,发现网站已经自动跳转到清华镜像站了。
以为网站需要https打开,发现该网站无法打开。
有知道原因的小伙伴吗?希望大家不吝分享。
虽然访问http://cn.archiv.ubuntu.com会自动跳转到清华源,但是我们还是做一个镜像源地址变更。
使用如下命令将镜像文件中的cn.archive.ubuntu.com批量更换为清华源。
变更前记得备份原始的/ etc / apt / sources.list文件
- $sudo cp / etc / apt / sources.list / etc / apt / sources.list.bak
-
在vim编辑器批量变更字符串,方法如下,按下esc后,输入:
- :%s /cn\.archive\.ubuntu\.com /mirrors\.tuna\.tsinghua\.edu\.cn /g
-
第一次替换时,少打了一个“.”报错提示:E486: Pattern not found。这个报错时指没有找到特定的字符,重新检查错误后,发现"."在正则表达式中通常是特殊字符,所以需要使用\ 来转义它,以确保准确匹配点号。所以,www.cdsy.xyz 转换后,应该是www\.cdsy\.xyz。这也算是一个语法上的注意事项。
除了官方的cn.archive.ubuntu.com外,国内还有多个Ubuntu的稳定镜像站。
由于Ubuntu的官方软件仓库位于国外,因此Ubuntu用户在下载软件包或完成系统更新时,需要跨越国际互联网,因此速度较慢,非常耗费网络带宽。因此,为了提高下载速度,许多国内公司和机构建立了自己的Ubuntu软件仓库。这些镜像源位于国内服务器,可以更快地为中国用户提供Ubuntu软件包下载服务。
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
-
- https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
-
- http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
-
当然还有一些其他的,以上三个是我个人觉得比较好用的。上文希望对大家有所帮助。
在Ubuntu操作系统中,Ubuntu镜像源是非常重要的资源和服务。在使用Ubuntu系统过程中,用户可以根据自己的需求和网络情况选择适合自己的Ubuntu镜像源,从而提高软件包下载速度,更好地完成软件更新和安装,让Ubuntu系统保持最新、快速和稳定的状态。