今天想要在Ubuntu环境下搭建一个测试环境,进入Ubuntu系统后,先看了下系统版本
lsb_release -a
sudo apt-get update
在执行后,发现报错如下,发现一个很奇怪的现象,我明明记得源配置的是cn.archive.ubuntu.com,但是发现,系统更新时,自动去找了清华大学的Ubuntu源。why?难道是我源配置的是清华的吗?
Err:5 http://ppa.launchpad.net/deadsnakes/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
503 Service Unavailable [IP: 185.125.190.52 80]
Err:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic InRelease
503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Err:4 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
503 Service Unavailable [IP: 101.6.15.130 80]
Reading package lists... Done
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
通过VIM编辑器查看,源地址没错,为什么更新的时候去找了清华源呢?
See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
带着很多问号,在浏览器打开http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com,发现网站已经自动跳转到清华镜像站了。
以为网站需要https打开,发现该网站无法打开。
有知道原因的小伙伴吗?希望大家不吝分享。
虽然访问http://cn.archiv.ubuntu.com会自动跳转到清华源,但是我们还是做一个镜像源地址变更。
使用如下命令将镜像文件中的cn.archive.ubuntu.com批量更换为清华源。
变更前记得备份原始的/ etc / apt / sources.list文件
$sudo cp / etc / apt / sources.list / etc / apt / sources.list.bak
在vim编辑器批量变更字符串,方法如下,按下esc后,输入:
:%s /cn\.archive\.ubuntu\.com /mirrors\.tuna\.tsinghua\.edu\.cn /g
第一次替换时,少打了一个“.”报错提示:E486: Pattern not found。这个报错时指没有找到特定的字符,重新检查错误后,发现"."在正则表达式中通常是特殊字符,所以需要使用\ 来转义它,以确保准确匹配点号。所以,www.cdsy.xyz 转换后,应该是www\.cdsy\.xyz。这也算是一个语法上的注意事项。
除了官方的cn.archive.ubuntu.com外,国内还有多个Ubuntu的稳定镜像站。
由于Ubuntu的官方软件仓库位于国外,因此Ubuntu用户在下载软件包或完成系统更新时,需要跨越国际互联网,因此速度较慢,非常耗费网络带宽。因此,为了提高下载速度,许多国内公司和机构建立了自己的Ubuntu软件仓库。这些镜像源位于国内服务器,可以更快地为中国用户提供Ubuntu软件包下载服务。
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
当然还有一些其他的,以上三个是我个人觉得比较好用的。上文希望对大家有所帮助。
在Ubuntu操作系统中,Ubuntu镜像源是非常重要的资源和服务。在使用Ubuntu系统过程中,用户可以根据自己的需求和网络情况选择适合自己的Ubuntu镜像源,从而提高软件包下载速度,更好地完成软件更新和安装,让Ubuntu系统保持最新、快速和稳定的状态。