在 Windows 上安装 MySQL
操作系统:Winddows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter (64位系统)
MySQL 版本:mysql-5.6.36-winx64
1. 下载安装程序
下载 mysql-5.6.36-winx64.msi
下载地址:http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/
2. 安装
双击 开始安装...
因为只有一个磁盘,所以只能安装在C盘下,这里安装在默认目录下:C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6
3. 创建 my.ini 文件
拷贝 MySQL 的安装目录下的 my-default.ini 文件到系统目录 C:\Windows 下,并改名为 my.ini 。
编辑 my.ini 文件,编辑后文件内容如下:
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = "C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6"
datadir = "C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data"
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
port = 3306
character_set_server = utf8
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
skip_grant_tables
把 datadir 指定到了MySQL安装目录下的data("C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6/data"),因为如果指向C盘的其他位置,启动 MySQL 服务时总是失败,猜测可能是 Windows Server 服务器对 C 盘的访问权限做了限制。
skip_grant_tables 功能是跳过登录验证,这样用户即使输入错误的登录密码也能成功登录,尽管这样在登录 MySQL 时就不会出现 “ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)” 错误(如下图),但这是很不安全的,不能设置这一项,要屏蔽掉。正确解决“ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)”的方法是创建用户时要这样:'用户名'@'localhost' 而不是 '用户名'@'%',举例:
mysql> CREATE USER '用户名'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '用户密码';
mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON <数据库名>.* TO '用户名'@'localhost';
4. 配置环境变量
创建 MYSQL_HOME 环境变量,赋值MySQL的安装目录:C:/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.6
编辑环境变量 Path,在原内容后面追加 %MYSQL_HOME%\bin 。
5. 安装 MySQL 服务
打开命令窗口,进入到 MySQL 安装目录下的 bin 目录下,即 C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\bin 目录下,注意:必须进入这个目录才能成功安装服务,不能因为有了前面配置的环境变量而认为在哪执行命令安装都可以。
执行服务安装命令:
mysqld –initialize
mysqld.exe -install
安装成功后会提示服务安装成功,并且在系统的服务窗口中能看到刚安装的 MySQL 服务(下图)。
6. 启动 MySQL 服务
在系统服务窗口中启动 MySQL 服务。
7. 修改登录密码
MySQL 默认是没有密码的,用户名是 root。
打开命令窗口,输入命令:
mysql –uroot
mysql> show databases;
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("123456") WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 【 注意一定不要忘记执行这句,否则密码更改不能生效 】
mysql> quit
安装完毕!