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Mac MySql - 查看以及修改编码格式

时间:02-17来源:作者:点击数:26
  • 登录 - MySQL内部
  • mysql -u root -p
  • MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 (推荐用这个,我用的这个!)
  • show variables like 'character%';
  • MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 (这两个都可以查看数据库编码格式)
  • show variables likecollation%’;
  • 按照上面两步我们会输出下面:
  • mysql> show variables like 'character%';
  • +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
  • | Variable_name | Value |
  • +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
  • | character_set_client | utf8 |
  • | character_set_connection | utf8 |
  • | character_set_database | latin1 |
  • | character_set_filesystem | binary |
  • | character_set_results | utf8 |
  • | character_set_server | latin1 |
  • | character_set_system | utf8 |
  • | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-macos10.14-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
  • +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
  • character_set_databasecharacter_set_serverlatin1 的字符集,也就是说 mysql 后续创建的表都是 latin1 字符集的,不是 utf8,会造成一些麻烦。
  • 从以上信息可知数据库的编码为 latin1,需要修改为 gbk 或者是 utf8
    • character_set_client:为客户端编码方式;
    • character_set_connection:为建立连接使用的编码;
    • character_set_database:数据库的编码;
    • character_set_results:结果集的编码;
    • character_set_server:数据库服务器的编码;
    • 只要保证以上五个采用的编码方式一样,就不会出现乱码问题。
    补充:新版本数据库默认编码格式是 utf8mb4utf8mb4utf8 多了 emoji 编码支持,建议普通表使用 utf8 如果这个表需要支持 emoji 就使用 utf8mb4,也可以全部用 utf8mb4
  • 想要修改编码, 就需要修改 mysql 的配置文件 my.cnf,将需要修改的字段放到配置文件中配置即可。
  • 重要问题:在修改 my.cnf 之前一定要关闭 mysql 进程,关闭 mysql,不然会遇到 mysqlsock 不能连接的问题!
  • 找到下面路径
    • /usr/local/mysql/support-files
  • 默认情况下安装 Mysql 后不会生成my.cnf 配置文件,但是有些参数需要修改,比如:默认端口、最大连接数、大小写敏感等。
    有些版本安装后可能会在 support-file 文件目录下生成 my-default.cnf 文件,如果有这个文件,可以自己复制该文件,并重命名为 my.cnf,如果没有就需要手动创建了,这边就是自己创建的,文件内容如下,供参考:
    • 简陋版配置文件(如果默认编码格式是 utf8mb4,没特殊情况可以不需要修改编码格式):
      • [mysqld]
      • default-storage-engine=INNODB
      • character-set-server=utf8
      • lower_case_table_names = 1
      • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
      • port = 3306
      • [client]
      • default-character-set=utf8
    • 字段参考配置文件
      • # Example MySQL config file for small systems.
      • #
      • # This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
      • # from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
      • # doesn't use much resources.
      • #
      • # MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
      • # locations which depend on the deployment platform.
      • # You can copy this option file to one of those
      • # locations. For information about these locations, see:
      • # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
      • #
      • # In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
      • # If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
      • # with the "--help" option.
      • # The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
      • [client]
      • default-character-set=utf8
      • #password = your_password
      • port = 3306
      • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
      • # Here follows entries for some specific programs
      • # The MySQL server
      • [mysqld]
      • default-storage-engine=INNODB
      • character-set-server=utf8
      • collation-server=utf8_general_ci
      • port = 3306
      • socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
      • lower_case_table_names = 1 # 是否对 sql 语句大小写敏感,1 表示不敏感,即不区分大小写
      • skip-external-locking
      • key_buffer_size = 16K
      • max_allowed_packet = 1M
      • table_open_cache = 4
      • sort_buffer_size = 64K
      • read_buffer_size = 256K
      • read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
      • net_buffer_length = 2K
      • thread_stack = 256K # 该字段根据需要修改,默认是128K,我的是因为启动报了这个字段的错导致启动失败,所以我改成256K了
      • # Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
      • # if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
      • # All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
      • # Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
      • # (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
      • #
      • #skip-networking
      • server-id = 1
      • # Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
      • #log-bin=mysql-bin
      • # binary logging format - mixed recommended
      • #binlog_format=mixed
      • # Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
      • # written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
      • # there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
      • # tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
      • # t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
      • #binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE
      • # Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
      • #innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
      • #innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
      • #innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
      • # You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
      • # of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
      • #innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
      • #innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
      • # Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
      • #innodb_log_file_size = 5M
      • #innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
      • #innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
      • #innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
      • [mysqldump]
      • quick
      • max_allowed_packet = 16M
      • [mysql]
      • no-auto-rehash
      • # Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
      • #safe-updates
      • [myisamchk]
      • key_buffer_size = 8M
      • sort_buffer_size = 8M
      • [mysqlhotcopy]
      • interactive-timeout
  • 保存之后,需要找到 /etc 路径, 将 my.cnf 复制贴贴到 /etc 这个目录下。可以直接通过快捷键 command + shift + G 前面文件:
    • /etc
    为什么要放 /etc 下,可以通过命令行查看 mysql 加载的 my.conf 是从哪些目录进行加载的
    • $ mysql --verbose --help | grep my.cnf
    • # 输出(只要符合一个路径就行)
    • order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
    • /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
    也可以自定义配置文件路径。
  • 文件放好之后就重启 mysql,再次查看编码格式
    • MySQL内部 - 查看数据库编码格式 (推荐用这个,我用的这个!)
    • show variables like 'character%';
    • mysql> show variables like 'character%';
    • +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    • | Variable_name | Value |
    • +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
    • | character_set_client | utf8 |
    • | character_set_connection | utf8 |
    • | character_set_database | utf8 |
    • | character_set_filesystem | binary |
    • | character_set_results | utf8 |
    • | character_set_server | utf8 |
    • | character_set_system | utf8 |
    • | character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.28-macos10.14-x86_64/share/charsets/ |
    • +--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
  • 到这里就编码格式就大功告成了!!!
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