mysql进阶

1. 二进制格式mysql安装

//安装依赖包
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
Installing:
 cmake                   x86_64           2.8.12.2-2.el7                 myrepo           7.0 M
 mariadb-devel           x86_64           1:5.5.56-2.el7                 myrepo           752 k
 ncurses-devel           x86_64           5.9-13.20130511.el7            myrepo           713 k
Installing for dependencies:
 libarchive              x86_64           3.1.2-10.el7_2                 myrepo           319 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================
Install  3 Packages (+1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 8.8 M
.....
Installed:
  cmake.x86_64 0:2.8.12.2-2.el7                      mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7
  ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7

Dependency Installed:
  libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7_2

Complete!


//创建用户和组
[root@mysql src]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@mysql src]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql


//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@mysql ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@mysql src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2018-08-13 23:56:27--  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.14
Connecting to downloads.mysql.com (downloads.mysql.com)|137.254.60.14|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [following]
......
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’

100%[=====================================>] 643,790,848 2.46MB/s   in 4m 20s

2018-08-14 00:00:50 (2.36 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’saved [643790848/643790848]



//解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@mysql src]# ls
debug  kernels  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@mysql src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysql ~]# ls /usr/local/
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share
[root@mysql ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mysql local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
‘mysql’ -> ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’
[root@mysql local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root  36 Aug 14 16:00 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x  9 root root 129 Aug 14 00:16 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Jun 13 19:03 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 Mar 10  2016 src


//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@mysql ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 36 Aug 14 16:00 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/



//添加环境变量
[root@mysql ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files
[root@mysql ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysql ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysql ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin



//建立数据存放目录
[root@mysql mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@mysql mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@mysql mysql]# ll /opt/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 14 16:54 data



//初始化数据库
[root@mysql ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
2018-08-15T07:57:46.168380Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2018-08-15T07:57:50.542516Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2018-08-15T07:57:50.927286Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2018-08-15T07:57:51.071260Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e8600890-a060-11e8-b1a2-000c294c50b4.
2018-08-15T07:57:51.074566Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2018-08-15T07:57:51.078089Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generatedfor root@localhost: jtBzkkb=r5ik
//请注意，这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是jtBzkkb=r5ik
//再次注意，这个密码是随机的，你的不会跟我一样，一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到


//配置mysql
[root@mysql ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
‘/usr/local/include/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql/include/’
[root@mysql ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@mysql ~]# ldconfig -v
ldconfig: Can't stat /libx32: No such file or directory
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib' given more than once
ldconfig: Path `/usr/lib64' given more than once
ldconfig: Can't stat /usr/libx32: No such file or directory
/usr/lib64/mysql:
        libmysqlclient.so.18 -> libmysqlclient_r.so
/usr/local/mysql/lib:
        libmysqlclient.so.20 -> libmysqlclient.so.20.3.9 
......
/lib/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/lib64/sse2: (hwcap: 0x0000000004000000)
/lib64/tls: (hwcap: 0x8000000000000000)
[root@mysql ~]# ldconfig -p |grep mysql
        libmysqlclient.so.20 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20
        libmysqlclient.so.18 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.18
        libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so
        libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so
        

//生成配置文件
[root@mysql ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF


//配置服务启动脚本
[root@mysql ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld



//启动mysql
[root@mysql ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!  
[root@mysql ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root       1521      1  0 01:58 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/binmysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql      1699   1521  0 01:58 pts/0    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root       1734   1301  0 01:59 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port
LISTEN      0      128         *:22                      *:*
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                      *:*
LISTEN      0      128        :::22                     :::*
LISTEN      0      100       ::1:25                     :::*
LISTEN      0      80         :::3306                   :::* 
 
 

//修改密码
//使用临时密码登录
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('1');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

2. mysql配置文件

mysql的配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

配置文件查找次序：若在多个配置文件中均有设定，则最后找到的最终生效

/etc/my.cnf --> /etc/mysql/my.cnf --> --default-extra-file=/PATH/TO/CONF_FILE --> ~/.my.cnf

mysql常用配置文件参数：

3. mysql数据库备份与恢复

3.1 数据库常用备份方案

数据库备份方案：

全量备份
增量备份
差异备份

3.2 mysql备份工具mysqldump

//语法：
    mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables ...]
    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
    mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
    
//常用的OPTIONS：
    -uUSERNAME      //指定数据库用户名
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，请使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定数据库用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
 
 mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| zjy                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> use zjy;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zjy |
+---------------+
| student       |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)




//备份全部的库
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p1 --all-databases > all-20190818.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ls
all-20190818.sql  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
anaconda-ks.cfg



//备份zjy库的student表
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p1 zjy student > table-20190818.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ls
all-20190818.sql  mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
anaconda-ks.cfg   table-20190818.sql



//备份zjy这个库
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 --database zjy > 201908181.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ls
201908181.sql     anaconda-ks.cfg
20190818.sql      mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
all-20190818.sql  table-20190818.sql



//误删除了zjy库
mysql> drop database zjy;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.3 mysql数据恢复

//恢复zjy数据库
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 < all-20190818.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| zjy                |
+--------------------+







//恢复zjy里的student表
mysql> use zjy;
Database changed



//先要进zjy库里才可以恢复
mysql> source table-20190818.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zjy |
+---------------+
| student       |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)




//模拟删除整个数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| zjy                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database zjy;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 < all-20190818.sql 
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| zjy                |
+--------------------+

3.4 差异备份与恢复

3.4.1. mysql差异备份

开启MySQL服务器的二进制日志功能

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
user = mysql
pid-file = /tmp/mysql.pid
skip-name-resolve

server-id=1         //设置服务器标识符
log-bin=mysql_bin    //开启二进制日志功能

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

对数据库进行完全备份

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 16
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| zjy                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables from zjy;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_zjy |
+---------------+
| student       |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from zjy.student;
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name        | age  |
+----+-------------+------+
|  1 | tom         |   20 |
|  2 | jerry       |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing    |   25 |
|  4 | sean        |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan   |   26 |
|  7 | lisi        | NULL |
|  8 | chenshuo    |   10 |
|  9 | wangwu      |  100 |
| 10 | qiuyi       |   15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 |
+----+-------------+------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)




//完全备份
[root@mysql ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p1 --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs >all-20190818.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ll
total 628712
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      1251 Aug 19 00:09 all-20190818.sql
-rw-------. 1 root root      1525 Mar 22 03:01 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 643790848 Aug  7 23:11 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz




//增加新内容
mysql> create table A(id int,age int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> desc A;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | int(11) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
### 3.4.2. mysql差异备份恢复
mysql> insert into A(id,age)values(1,1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into A(id,age)values(2,2);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from A;
+------+------+
| id   | age  |
+------+------+
|    1 |    1 |
|    2 |    2 |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.4.2. mysql差异备份恢复

模拟误删数据

mysql> drop database zjy;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

刷新创建新的二进制日志

[root@mysql ~]# ll /opt/data/
total 123160
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    36886 Aug 11 02:12 128.err
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 Aug  7 23:20 auto.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql     1224 Aug 19 00:32 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 19 00:32 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 19 00:32 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug  7 23:20 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 19 00:32 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug 19 00:05 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      154 Aug 19 00:32 mysql_bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       19 Aug 19 00:32 mysql_bin.index
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql   196174 Aug 19 00:32 mysql.err
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql        5 Aug 19 00:32 mysql.pid
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 Aug  7 23:20 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 Aug  7 23:20 sys

//刷新创建新的二进制日志
[root@mysql ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p1 flush-logs
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# ll /opt/data/
总用量 188552
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 2月  20 10:11 auto.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      996 2月  21 14:54 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 79691776 2月  21 16:17 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 2月  21 16:18 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 2月  20 10:11 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 2月  21 14:54 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql     8304 2月  21 08:45 linux-node1.com.err
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    74620 2月  21 14:54 localhost.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 2月  21 16:16 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      945 2月  21 16:18 mysql_bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      154 2月  21 16:18 mysql_bin.000002
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       38 2月  21 16:18 mysql_bin.index
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 2月  20 10:11 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 2月  20 10:11 sys

恢复差异备份

[root@mysql ~]# ll /opt/data/
总用量 189572
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 2月  20 10:11 auto.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      996 2月  21 14:54 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 79691776 2月  21 16:20 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 2月  21 16:20 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 2月  20 10:11 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 2月  21 14:54 ibtmp1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql     8304 2月  21 08:45 linux-node1.com.err
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql    74620 2月  21 14:54 localhost.err
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 2月  21 16:20 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      945 2月  21 16:18 mysql_bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql   786443 2月  21 16:20 mysql_bin.000002
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       38 2月  21 16:18 mysql_bin.index
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 2月  20 10:11 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     8192 2月  20 10:11 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql       96 2月  21 16:20 zjy

//检查误删数据库的位置在什么地方
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql_bin.000001';
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| Log_name         | Pos | Event_type     | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info                                  |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
| mysql_bin.000001 |   4 | Format_desc    |         1 |         123 | Server ver: 5.7.22-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 123 | Previous_gtids |         1 |         154 |                                       |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 154 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         219 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'  |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 219 | Query          |         1 |         295 | BEGIN                                 |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 295 | Table_map      |         1 |         353 | table_id: 330 (zjy.student)      |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 353 | Write_rows     |         1 |         410 | table_id: 330 flags: STMT_END_F       |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 410 | Xid            |         1 |         441 | COMMIT /* xid=2628 */                 |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 441 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         506 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'  |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 506 | Query          |         1 |         582 | BEGIN                                 |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 582 | Table_map      |         1 |         640 | table_id: 330 (zjy.student)      |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 640 | Update_rows    |         1 |         698 | table_id: 330 flags: STMT_END_F       |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 698 | Xid            |         1 |         729 | COMMIT /* xid=2630 */                 |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 729 | Anonymous_Gtid |         1 |         794 | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'  |
| mysql_bin.000001 | 791 | Query          |         1 |         898 | drop database zjy                              |     //此处就是删除数据库的位置，对应的pos位置是791
| mysql_bin.000001 | 898 | Rotate         |         1 |         945 | mysql_bin.000002;pos=4                |
+------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//使用mysqlbinlog恢复差异备份
[root@mysql ~]# mysqlbinlog --stop-position=791/opt/data/mysql_bin.000001 |mysql -uroot -p1
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 -e 'select * from zjy.student;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------+-------+------+
| id   | name  | age  |
+------+-------+------+
|    1 | tom   |   10 |
|    2 | jerry |   30 |
|    3 | tama  |   40 |
|    4 | 1111  |   50 |
+------+-------+------+