MySQL基本简单操作

学会了安装Docker，那么就将它利用起来。（/滑稽脸）

之前想学习Mysql（Windows下配置真麻烦），学会了Docker就方便了，直接使用Docker创建一个Mysql服务岂不美滋滋。创建容器的步骤可以看一下分享04的Nginx的创建过程。

首先检查一下本地镜像。

[root@promote ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

没有Mysql的镜像，那么我先来拉取一个Mysql镜像。

先搜索一下Mysql的镜像。

[root@promote ~]# docker search mysql
INDEX       NAME                                                             DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
docker.io   docker.io/mysql                                                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   6527      [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mariadb                                                MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M...   2061      [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-server                                     Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea...   479                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/percona                                                Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela...   344       [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql                             Zabbix Server with MySQL database support       106                  [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/hypriot/rpi-mysql                                      RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql          89
docker.io   docker.io/centurylink/mysql                                      Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li...   60                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql                          Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server ...   58                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          36                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/tutum/mysql                                            Base docker image to run a MySQL database ...   32
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-57-centos7                                MySQL 5.7 SQL database server                   31
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-cluster                                    Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ...   30
docker.io   docker.io/schickling/mysql-backup-s3                             Backup MySQL to S3 (supports periodic back...   20                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/bitnami/mysql                                          Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      15                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysql                              Zabbix proxy with MySQL database support        15                   [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/linuxserver/mysql                                      A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux...   14
docker.io   docker.io/centos/mysql-56-centos7                                MySQL 5.6 SQL database server                   8
docker.io   docker.io/openshift/mysql-55-centos7                             DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima...   6
docker.io   docker.io/circleci/mysql                                         MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati...   5
docker.io   docker.io/dsteinkopf/backup-all-mysql                            backup all DBs in a mysql server                4                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/mysql/mysql-router                                     MySQL Router provides transparent routing ...   2
docker.io   docker.io/openzipkin/zipkin-mysql                                Mirror of https://quay.io/repository/openz...   1
docker.io   docker.io/ansibleplaybookbundle/mysql-apb                        An APB which deploys RHSCL MySQL                0                    [OK]
docker.io   docker.io/cloudfoundry/cf-mysql-ci                               Image used in CI of cf-mysql-release            0
docker.io   docker.io/cloudposse/mysql                                       Improved `mysql` service with support for ...   0                    [OK]

接着拉取镜像到本地，当然是优先官方镜像。

[root@promote ~]# docker pull docker.io/mysql
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/mysql ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/mysql
683abbb4ea60: Pull complete
0550d17aeefa: Pull complete
7e26605ddd77: Pull complete
9882737bd15f: Pull complete
999c06ab75f6: Pull complete
c71d695f9937: Pull complete
c38f847c1491: Pull complete
5e0cb05a8fc3: Pull complete
c89e3e373fca: Pull complete
fa39a2c9922d: Pull complete
b293d9c897c4: Pull complete
3dc061869740: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:43ed4f8c9d1695e97a39cdfe9475af9096e3723cfb79d820d8da00d61a277a85
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/mysql:latest

拉取成功，现在开始创建Mysql容器。

[root@promote ~]# docker run -itd --name=mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=000000 docker.io/mysql
30d60b852cf57c5f4e7df36846b10149387bb2b736cecb11f12a2d64a3bdbf43

进入容器。

[root@promote ~]# docker exec -it mysql /bin/bash
root@30d60b852cf5:/#

连接数据库。

root@30d60b852cf5:/# mysql -uroot -p000000
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

连接数据库成功！

先学习查看数据库。

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

然后是创建数据库。

mysql> create database gubeiqing;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| gubeiqing          |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

接着使用我刚刚创建好的gubeiqing数据库。

mysql> use gubeiqing;
Database changed

进入这个数据库之后，来看一下有哪些表。

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

这个时候的数据表是空的，接着来创建数据表。

mysql> create table gubeiqing1(name varchar(20) not null , age varchar(20) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

建表的通用语句语法是：CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name column_type);.

现在来查看一下数据表是什么样的。

mysql> desc gubeiqing1;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| name  | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到现在gubeiqing1这个数据表已经有了两列。但是还没有数据，所以现在向这个数据表里添加数据。

mysql> insert into gubeiqing1 (name,age) values ('gbq',21);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

如果添加的数据是字符型，那么必须使用单引号或者双引号。

现在查询一下这个表里所有的内容。

可以看到数据已经被我们添加进去了。

mysql> select * from gubeiqing1;
+------+-----+
| name | age |
+------+-----+
| gbq  | 21  |
+------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

简单的查询语句语法是:SELECT column_name,column_name FROM table_name。

再来插入几条（插入时可以不指定列名，但是自己要知道插入数据的顺序）。

mysql> insert into gubeiqing1 values ('zhangsan',20);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> insert into gubeiqing1 values ('lisi',19);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

查看一下。

mysql> select * from gubeiqing1;
+----------+-----+
| name     | age |
+----------+-----+
| gbq      | 21  |
| zhangsan | 20  |
| lisi     | 19  |
+----------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

然后学习改数据。

现在我将lisi的age字段，由19改为22。

mysql> update gubeiqing1 set age=22 where name='lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

改数据的基本简单语法是：UPDATE table_name SET column_name1=values1，column_name2=values2 [WHERE 条件表达式]。

再查看一下数据表。

mysql> select * from gubeiqing1;
+----------+-----+
| name     | age |
+----------+-----+
| gbq      | 21  |
| zhangsan | 20  |
| lisi     | 22  |
+----------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到lisi的age字段已经被改了。

数据库基本的增删改查，已经看了三个，接着来看删。

将zhangsan这条数据从数据表中删除。

mysql> delete from gubeiqing1 where name='zhangsan';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.39 sec)

mysql> select * from gubeiqing1;
+------+-----+
| name | age |
+------+-----+
| gbq  | 21  |
| lisi | 22  |
+------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

再来删除这个表，最后删除库。

mysql> drop table gubeiqing1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database gubeiqing;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)