线程 被定义为程序的执行路径,每个线程执行特定的工作。当C#程序开始时,主线程自动创建。
- void acceptThread(){
- //TODO
- }
- Thread threadAccept = new Thread(new ThreadStart(acceptThread));
- threadAccept.start();
-
给线程传递参数有两种方式,一种方式是使用带ParameterizedThreadStart委托参数的Thread构造函数,另一种方式是创建一个自定义类,把线程的方法定义为实例的方法,这样就可以初始化实例的数据,之后启动线程。
如果使用了ParameterizedThreadStart委托,线程的入口必须有一个object类型的参数,且返回类型为void。且看下面的例子:
- using System;
- using System.Threading;
-
- namespace ThreadWithParameters
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- string hello = "hello world";
- //这里也可简写成Thread thread = new Thread(ThreadMainWithParameters);
- //但是为了让大家知道这里用的是ParameterizedThreadStart委托,就没有简写了
- Thread thread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(ThreadMainWithParameters));
- thread.Start(hello);
- Console.Read();
- }
-
- static void ThreadMainWithParameters(object obj)
- {
- string str = obj as string;
- if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(str))
- Console.WriteLine("Running in a thread,received: {0}", str);
- }
- }
- }
-
这里稍微有点麻烦的就是ThreadMainWithParameters方法里的参数必须是object类型的,我们需要进行类型转换。为什么参数必须是object类型呢,各位看看ParameterizedThreadStart委托的声明就知道了。
- public delegate void ParameterizedThreadStart(object obj); //ParameterizedThreadStart委托的声明
-
定义一个类,在其中定义需要的字段,将线程的主方法定义为类的一个实例方法。
- using System;
- using System.Threading;
-
- namespace ThreadWithParameters
- {
- public class MyThread
- {
- private string data;
-
- public MyThread(string data)
- {
- this.data = data;
- }
-
- public void ThreadMain()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Running in a thread,data: {0}", data);
- }
- }
-
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- MyThread myThread = new MyThread("hello world");
-
- Thread thread = new Thread(myThread.ThreadMain);
- thread.Start();
-
- Console.Read();
- }
- }
- }
-
这种方法的缺点在于遇到一个耗时的方法,就新建一个类。
那有什么更好办法既不用强制类型转换,也不用新建一个类呢?
使用匿名方法
- using System;
- using System.Threading;
-
- namespace ThreadWithParameters
- {
- class Program
- {
- static void Main(string[] args)
- {
- string hello = "hello world";
-
- //如果写成Thread thread = new Thread(ThreadMainWithParameters(hello));这种形式,编译时就会报错
- Thread thread = new Thread(() => ThreadMainWithParameters(hello));
- thread.Start();
- Console.Read();
- }
-
- static void ThreadMainWithParameters(string str)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Running in a thread,received: {0}", str);
- }
- }
- }
-
这样既不用类型强制转换也不用新建类就运行成功了。
但是为什么这种方式能行呢,用ildasm反编译后发现,上述说列出来的第三种方式其实和第二种方式是一样的,只不过自定义类编译器帮我们做了。
下面的是第三种方式main方法反编译的IL代码:
- .method private hidebysig static void Main(string[] args) cil managed
- {
- .entrypoint
- // 代码大小 51 (0x33)
- .maxstack 3
- .locals init ([0] class [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread thread,
- [1] class ThreadWithParameters.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1' 'CS$<>8__locals2')
- IL_0000: newobj instance void ThreadWithParameters.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1'::.ctor()
- IL_0005: stloc.1
- IL_0006: nop
- IL_0007: ldloc.1
- IL_0008: ldstr "hello world"
-
- IL_000d: stfld string ThreadWithParameters.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1'::hello
- IL_0012: ldloc.1
- IL_0013: ldftn instance void ThreadWithParameters.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1'::'<Main>b__0'()
- IL_0019: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.ThreadStart::.ctor(object,
- native int)
- IL_001e: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread::.ctor(class [mscorlib]System.Threading.ThreadStart)
- IL_0023: stloc.0
- IL_0024: ldloc.0
-
- IL_0025: callvirt instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread::Start()
- IL_002a: nop
- IL_002b: call int32 [mscorlib]System.Console::Read()
- IL_0030: pop
- IL_0031: nop
- IL_0032: ret
- } // end of method Program::Main
-
在看看第二种方式的IL代码:
- .method private hidebysig static void Main(string[] args) cil managed
- {
- .entrypoint
- // 代码大小 44 (0x2c)
- .maxstack 3
- .locals init ([0] class ThreadWithParameters.MyThread myThread,
- [1] class [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread thread)
- IL_0000: nop
- IL_0001: ldstr "hello world"
- IL_0006: newobj instance void ThreadWithParameters.MyThread::.ctor(string)
- IL_000b: stloc.0
- IL_000c: ldloc.0
-
- IL_000d: ldftn instance void ThreadWithParameters.MyThread::ThreadMain()
- IL_0013: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.ThreadStart::.ctor(object,
- native int)
- IL_0018: newobj instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread::.ctor(class [mscorlib]System.Threading.ThreadStart)
- IL_001d: stloc.1
- IL_001e: ldloc.1
-
- IL_001f: callvirt instance void [mscorlib]System.Threading.Thread::Start()
- IL_0024: nop
- IL_0025: call int32 [mscorlib]System.Console::Read()
- IL_002a: pop
- IL_002b: ret
- } // end of method Program::Main
-
比较两端代码,可以发现两者都有一个newobj,这句的作用是初始化一个类的实例,第三种方式由编译器生成了一个类:c__DisplayClass1
- IL_0000: newobj instance void ThreadWithParameters.Program/'<>c__DisplayClass1'::.ctor()
- IL_0006: newobj instance void ThreadWithParameters.MyThread::.ctor(string)
-