在上一节中我们对Fragment进行了一个初步的了解,学习了概念,生命周期,Fragment管理与Fragment事务,以及动态与静态加载Fragment。从本节开始我们会讲解一些Fragment在实际开发中的一些实例!而本节给大家讲解的是底部导航栏的实现!而基本的底部导航栏方法有很多种,比如全用TextView做,或者用RadioButton,又或者使用TabLayout + RadioButton,当然复杂的情况还是得走外层套布局的方法!本节我们用TextView来做一个底部导航栏的效果,也熟悉下Fragment的使用!好的,开始本节内容!
先看看效果图吧:
接着看看我们的工程的目录结构:
我们从图上可以看到,我们底部的每一项点击的时候都有不同的效果是吧!我们是通过是否selected来判定的!我们要写的资源文件有:首先是图片,然后是文字,接着是背景!
图片Drawable资源:tab_menu_channel.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
- <item android:drawable="@mipmap/tab_channel_pressed" android:state_selected="true" />
- <item android:drawable="@mipmap/tab_channel_normal" />
- </selector>
其他三个照葫芦画瓢!
文字资源:tab_menu_text.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
- <item android:color="@color/text_yellow" android:state_selected="true" />
- <item android:color="@color/text_gray" />
- </selector>
背景资源:tab_menu_bg.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
- <item android:state_selected="true">
- <shape>
- <solid android:color="#FFC4C4C4" />
- </shape>
- </item>
- <item>
- <shape>
- <solid android:color="@color/transparent" />
- </shape>
- </item>
- </selector>
activity_main.xml:
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- tools:context=".MainActivity">
-
- <RelativeLayout
- android:id="@+id/ly_top_bar"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="48dp"
- android:background="@color/bg_topbar">
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/txt_topbar"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_centerInParent="true"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:textSize="18sp"
- android:textColor="@color/text_topbar"
- android:text="信息"/>
-
-
- <View
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="2px"
- android:background="@color/div_white"
- android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"/>
-
- </RelativeLayout>
-
-
-
- <LinearLayout
- android:id="@+id/ly_tab_bar"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="56dp"
- android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
- android:background="@color/bg_white"
- android:orientation="horizontal">
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/txt_channel"
- android:layout_width="0dp"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
- android:drawablePadding="3dp"
- android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_channel"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:padding="5dp"
- android:text="@string/tab_menu_alert"
- android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
- android:textSize="16sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/txt_message"
- android:layout_width="0dp"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
- android:drawablePadding="3dp"
- android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_message"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:padding="5dp"
- android:text="@string/tab_menu_profile"
- android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
- android:textSize="16sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/txt_better"
- android:layout_width="0dp"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
- android:drawablePadding="3dp"
- android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_better"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:padding="5dp"
- android:text="@string/tab_menu_pay"
- android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
- android:textSize="16sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/txt_setting"
- android:layout_width="0dp"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_weight="1"
- android:background="@drawable/tab_menu_bg"
- android:drawablePadding="3dp"
- android:drawableTop="@drawable/tab_menu_setting"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:padding="5dp"
- android:text="@string/tab_menu_setting"
- android:textColor="@drawable/tab_menu_text"
- android:textSize="16sp"/>
-
- </LinearLayout>
-
- <View
- android:id="@+id/div_tab_bar"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="2px"
- android:background="@color/div_white"
- android:layout_above="@id/ly_tab_bar"/>
-
-
- <FrameLayout
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_below="@id/ly_top_bar"
- android:layout_above="@id/div_tab_bar"
- android:id="@+id/ly_content">
-
- </FrameLayout>
-
- </RelativeLayout>
代码解析:
首先定义顶部标题栏的样式,48dp的LinearLayout中间加上一个TextView作为标题!
接着定义一个大小为56dp的LinerLayout对其底部,在这个里面加入四个TextView,比例1:1:1:1,并且设置相关属性,接着在这个LinearLayout上加一条线段!
最后以标题栏和底部导航栏为边界,写一个FrameLayout,宽高match_parent,用做Fragment的容器!
PS:这里四个TextView属性是重复的,你也可以自行抽取出来,编写一个style,设置下~
意外发现以前的在Activity中调用requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);可以隐藏手机自带顶部导航栏,但是写demo时候发现会报错,即使这句话写在了setContentView()之前!可能是因为继承的是AppCompatActivity而非Activity类!
当然以前的getSupportActionbar().hide()隐藏掉Actionbar,但是他还是会在界面上!最后还有一种方法就是自己编写一个style,然后在AndroidManifest.xml中为Application设置这个Theme:
注:把 requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);放在super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);前面就可以隐藏ActionBar而不报错。
接着AndroidManifest.xml设置下theme属性:
- android:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar"
PS:上述"良心代码"由好程序员曹神赞助~
fg_content.xml:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:background="@color/bg_white">
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/txt_content"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="呵呵"
- android:textColor="@color/text_yellow"
- android:textSize="20sp"/>
-
- </LinearLayout>
MyFragment.java:
- /**
- * Created by Coder-pig on 2015/8/28 0028.
- */
- public class MyFragment extends Fragment {
-
- private String content;
- public MyFragment(String content) {
- this.content = content;
- }
-
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content,container,false);
- TextView txt_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.txt_content);
- txt_content.setText(content);
- return view;
- }
- }
代码解析:
就是简单的重写了一个onCreateView()方法,其他方法可以按需重写!
先说说我们要考虑的一些关键问题:
- Fragment什么时候初始化和add到容器中?什么时候hide和show?
- 如何让TextView被选中?选中一个TextView后,要做一些什么操作?
- 刚进入MainActivity怎么样让一个TextView处于Selected的状态?
嗯,接下来一一解答上面这些问题:
- 我们选中TextView后对对应的Fragment进行判空,如果为空,初始化,并添加到容器中;而hide的话,我们定义一个方法hide所有的Fragment,每次触发点击事件就先调用这个hideAll方法,讲所有Fragment隐藏起来,然后如果TextView对应的Fragment不为空,我们就将这个Fragment显示出来;
- 这个我们通过点击事件来实现,点击TextView后先重置所有TextView的选中状态为false,然后设置点击的TextView的选中状态为true;
- 这个更简单,我们是通过点击事件来设置选中的,那么在onCreate()方法里加个触发点击事件的方法不就可以了嘛~ txt_channel.performClick();
逻辑都弄懂了,直接上代码咯:
MainActivity.java:
- /**
- * Created by Coder-pig on 2015/8/28 0028.
- */
- public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
-
- //UI Object
- private TextView txt_topbar;
- private TextView txt_channel;
- private TextView txt_message;
- private TextView txt_better;
- private TextView txt_setting;
- private FrameLayout ly_content;
-
- //Fragment Object
- private MyFragment fg1,fg2,fg3,fg4;
- private FragmentManager fManager;
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- fManager = getFragmentManager();
- bindViews();
- txt_channel.performClick(); //模拟一次点击,既进去后选择第一项
- }
-
- //UI组件初始化与事件绑定
- private void bindViews() {
- txt_topbar = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_topbar);
- txt_channel = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_channel);
- txt_message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_message);
- txt_better = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_better);
- txt_setting = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt_setting);
- ly_content = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.ly_content);
-
- txt_channel.setOnClickListener(this);
- txt_message.setOnClickListener(this);
- txt_better.setOnClickListener(this);
- txt_setting.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
-
- //重置所有文本的选中状态
- private void setSelected(){
- txt_channel.setSelected(false);
- txt_message.setSelected(false);
- txt_better.setSelected(false);
- txt_setting.setSelected(false);
- }
-
- //隐藏所有Fragment
- private void hideAllFragment(FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction){
- if(fg1 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg1);
- if(fg2 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg2);
- if(fg3 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg3);
- if(fg4 != null)fragmentTransaction.hide(fg4);
- }
-
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- FragmentTransaction fTransaction = fManager.beginTransaction();
- hideAllFragment(fTransaction);
- switch (v.getId()){
- case R.id.txt_channel:
- setSelected();
- txt_channel.setSelected(true);
- if(fg1 == null){
- fg1 = new MyFragment("第一个Fragment");
- fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg1);
- }else{
- fTransaction.show(fg1);
- }
- break;
- case R.id.txt_message:
- setSelected();
- txt_message.setSelected(true);
- if(fg2 == null){
- fg2 = new MyFragment("第二个Fragment");
- fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg2);
- }else{
- fTransaction.show(fg2);
- }
- break;
- case R.id.txt_better:
- setSelected();
- txt_better.setSelected(true);
- if(fg3 == null){
- fg3 = new MyFragment("第三个Fragment");
- fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg3);
- }else{
- fTransaction.show(fg3);
- }
- break;
- case R.id.txt_setting:
- setSelected();
- txt_setting.setSelected(true);
- if(fg4 == null){
- fg4 = new MyFragment("第四个Fragment");
- fTransaction.add(R.id.ly_content,fg4);
- }else{
- fTransaction.show(fg4);
- }
- break;
- }
- fTransaction.commit();
- }
- }
FragmentDemo.zip:FragmentDemo.zip 下载声明:图片素材来自App:better,本代码只做演示,并无用于商业用途!
本节给大家讲解了如何使用一个LinarLayout + 四个TextView 实现一个底部导航栏以及Fragment add,hide,show的逻辑~还是蛮简单的,最后要感谢小猪秘密基地的基神,B神,还有好程序员曹神给我的一些指点!万分感谢,仅以此篇纪念小猪重返装逼界,嗯,重返应用层,嘿嘿,本节就到这里,谢谢~