1、创建Scrapy项目

scapy startproject dongguan

2.进入项目目录，使用命令genspider创建Spider

scrapy genspider -t crawl sunwz "wz.sun0769.com"

3、定义要抓取的数据（处理items.py文件）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy

class DongguanItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 贴子编号
    number = scrapy.Field()
    # 贴子标题
    title = scrapy.Field()
    # 贴子内容
    content = scrapy.Field()
    # 贴子url
    url = scrapy.Field()

4、编写提取item数据的Spider（在spiders文件夹下：sunwz.py）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
# 如果下面在pycharm中有红色波浪线，参照这个设置：https://www.cdsy.xyz/computer/soft/develop/241211/cd65012.html
from dongguan.items import DongguanItem

class SunwzSpider(CrawlSpider):
    name = 'sunwz'
    allowed_domains = ['wz.sun0769.com']
    start_urls = ['http://wz.sun0769.com/index.php/question/report?page=0']
    # LinkExtractor()贴子的匹配规则,遵循正则
    rules = (
        # 没有callback，follow默认True，有callback默认为False
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"report\?page=\d+"),follow=True),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"html/question/\d+/\d+.shtml"), callback='parse_item',follow=False),
        # 发现中间的网站贴子地址第60510页左右和之前的不一样例如：http://d.wz.sun0769.com/index.php/question/show?id=267700，多加一个规则
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r"/question/show\?id=\d+"), callback='parse_item',follow=False),
    )
    print("数据处理中……")
    def parse_item(self, response):
        item = DongguanItem()
        # 每个贴子中的标题,strip()去除首尾空格
        item['title'] = response.xpath('//div[@class="pagecenter p3"]//strong/text()').extract()[0].strip()
        # 根据标题提取出编号
        item['number'] = item['title'].split(":")[-1].strip()
        # 先取出贴子内容有图的情况
        content= response.xpath('//div[@class="contentext"]/text()').extract()
        if len(content) == 0:
            # 代表没有图
            content = response.xpath('//div[@class="c1 text14_2"]/text()').extract()
            # content为列表，通过join方法拼接为字符串，并去除首尾空格,以及将内容中的空格去掉
            item['content'] = "".join(content).strip().replace("\xa0","")
        else:
            print("此贴子有图片…………")
            item['content'] = "".join(content).strip().replace("\xa0","")
        # 贴子的链接地址
        item['url'] = response.url
        yield item

5.处理pipelines管道文件保存数据，可将结果保存到文件中（pipelines.py）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json

# 转码操作，继承json.JSONEncoder的子类，在json目录下的encoder.py中
class MyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        if isinstance(o, bytes):
            return str(o, encoding='utf-8')
        return JSONEncoder.default(self, o)

class DongguanPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.file = open("dongguan.json", 'w', encoding='utf-8')

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        text = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False, cls=MyEncoder) + '\n'
        self.file.write(text)
        return item

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        print("数据处理完毕，谢谢使用！")
        self.file.close()

6.配置settings文件（settings.py）

# Obey robots.txt rules，具体含义参照：https://www.cdsy.xyz/computer/programme/Python/241210/cd64912.html
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Override the default request headers:添加User-Agent信息
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0);',
  # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  # 'Accept-Language': 'en',
}

# Configure item pipelines去掉下面注释，打开管道文件
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'dongguan.pipelines.DongguanPipeline': 300,
}

# 还可以将日志存到本地文件中（可选添加设置）
LOG_FILE = "dongguanlog.log"
LOG_LEVEL = "DEBUG"

7.以上设置完毕，进行爬取：执行项目命令crawl，启动Spider：

scrapy crawl sunwz