1、创建Scrapy项目

scrapy startproject tencent

2.进入项目目录，使用命令genspider创建Spider

scrapy genspider TencentPosition "tencent.com"

3、定义要抓取的数据（处理items.py文件）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy

# Item 定义结构化数据字段
class TencentItem(scrapy.Item):
    # 职位名称
    positionName = scrapy.Field()
    # 详情链接
    positionLink = scrapy.Field()
    # 职位类别
    positionType = scrapy.Field()
    # 招聘人数
    peopleNumber =scrapy.Field()
    # 工作地点
    workLocation = scrapy.Field()
    # 发布时间
    publishTime = scrapy.Field()

4、编写提取item数据的Spider（在spiders文件夹下：TencentPosition.py）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
# 如果下面在pycharm中有红色波浪线，参照这个设置：https://www.cdsy.xyz/computer/soft/develop/241211/cd65012.html
from tencent.items import TencentItem

class TencentpositionSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'TencentPosition'
    allowed_domains = ['tencent.com']
    url = "https://hr.tencent.com/position.php?&start="
    offset = 0
    start_urls = [url + str(offset)]
    print("数据处理中……")
    def parse(self, response):
        # 获取总页数
        pageNumber = response.xpath('//div[@class="pagenav"]//a[last()-1]//text()').extract()[0]
        # 换算成网址中的最后页码数，也就是最后一页
        end_offset = (int(pageNumber)-1)*10
        for each in response.xpath('//tr[@class="even"]|//tr[@class="odd"]'):
            # 初始化模型对象
            item = TencentItem()
            # 在当前根节点下查找，extract()方法返回的都是unicode字符串
            positionName = each.xpath("./td[1]/a/text()").extract()[0]
            positionLink = each.xpath("./td[1]/a/@href").extract()[0]
            # 发现职位类别有空的可能，还需要进行判断，如果为空改成未知。
            if each.xpath("./td[2]/text()[.!= '']"):
                self.positionType = each.xpath("./td[2]/text()").extract()[0]
            else:
                self.positionType = "未知"
            peopleNumber = each.xpath("./td[3]/text()").extract()[0]
            workLocation = each.xpath("./td[4]/text()").extract()[0]
            publishTime = each.xpath("./td[5]/text()").extract()[0]

            # 职位名称
            item['positionName'] = positionName.encode('utf-8')
            # 详情链接
            item['positionLink'] = positionLink.encode('utf-8')
            # 职位类别
            item['positionType'] = self.positionType.encode('utf-8')
            # 招聘人数
            item['peopleNumber'] = peopleNumber.encode('utf-8')
            # 工作地点
            item['workLocation'] = workLocation.encode('utf-8')
            # 发布时间
            item['publishTime'] = publishTime.encode('utf-8')

            yield item

        if self.offset < end_offset:
            self.offset += 10
        # 每次处理完一页的数据之后，重新发送下一页页面请求
        # self.offset自增10，同时拼接为新的url，回调self.parse处理response请求
        yield scrapy.Request(self.url + str(self.offset), callback=self.parse)

5.处理pipelines管道文件保存数据，可将结果保存到文件中（pipelines.py）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json

# 转码操作，继承json.JSONEncoder的子类
class MyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
    def default(self, o):
        if isinstance(o, bytes):
            return str(o, encoding='utf-8')
        return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)

class TencentPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.filename = open("tencent.json","w",encoding="utf-8")
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        text = json.dumps((dict(item)),ensure_ascii=False,cls=MyEncoder) +'\n'
        self.filename.write(text)
        return item
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        print("数据处理完毕，谢谢使用！")
        self.filename.close()

6.配置settings文件（settings.py）

# Obey robots.txt rules，具体含义参照：https://www.cdsy.xyz/computer/programme/Python/241210/cd64912.html  
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False  
  
# Override the default request headers:添加User-Agent信息  
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {  
  'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0);',  
  # 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',  
  # 'Accept-Language': 'en',  
}  
  
# Configure item pipelines去掉下面注释，打开管道文件  
ITEM_PIPELINES = {  
    'tencent.pipelines.TencentPipeline': 300, 
}  
  
# 还可以将日志存到本地文件中（可选添加设置）  
LOG_FILE = "tencentlog.log"  
LOG_LEVEL = "DEBUG" 

7.以上设置完毕，进行爬取：执行项目命令crawl，启动Spider：

scrapy crawl TencentPosition