茕茕孑立 沆瀣一气
踽踽独行 醍醐灌顶
绵绵瓜瓞 奉为圭臬
龙行龘龘 犄角旮旯
娉婷袅娜 涕泗滂沱
呶呶不休 不稂不莠
这首《生僻字》,考验的是“语文”硬实力。倘若实力不够,其实可以拿Python来凑,毕竟库多!今天就来说一个有意思的pypinyin库(https://pypinyin.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/master/index.html),名字很直白,是python版的拼音库,用来将汉字转为拼音。
先来看下代码运行效果:
当然,正规的操作是读取汉字txt文本,通过代码生成注音txt文本:
很简单,拼音库可以把汉字转化为拼音,那我们要做的就是读取文本,获取拼音,最后将文本和拼音重新拼接。高深的算法没有,基本围绕字符串和列表的操作拼接
首先是安装,pip install pypinyin
装好后引入模块from pypinyin import pinyin
调用 pinyin(“生僻字”),即可得到拼音列表[['shēng'], ['pì'], ['zì']]
基本是入门阶段读写txt文件的简单应用:
txt_name = "生僻字"
with open("%s.txt"%txt_name,encoding="UTF-8-sig") as f:
content = f.read()
input_str = content
result = transfer(input_str)
print(result)
with open("%s_拼音.txt"%txt_name,'w',encoding='UTF-8-sig') as m:
m.write(result)
首先会对读入的文本进行整理,去除多余的空格,将字符串中的汉字与列表中的拼音一一对应并拼接。
由于中文字符占两个字节,以及读写txt时会涉及到编码格式,这部分代码比较费功夫,只能说勉强做到格式整齐吧。
def transfer(text):
#去除字符串中空格
no_space_text = ''.join(text.split(" "))
raw_list = []
temp = ""
for i in range(len(no_space_text)):
if is_Chinese(no_space_text[i]):
if temp != "":
raw_list.append(temp)
temp=""
raw_list.append(no_space_text[i])
else:
temp+=no_space_text[i]
#生成拼音列表
pylist = pinyin(no_space_text)
#将拼音列表和字符串拼接对齐
text_list = []
pinyin_list = []
for i in range(len(raw_list)):
if is_Chinese(raw_list[i]):
pinyin_list.append(pylist[i][0].ljust(6, ' '))
text_list.append(raw_list[i].ljust(5,' '))
else:
pinyin_list.append(pylist[i][0])
text_list.append(raw_list[i])
pinyin_str = ''.join(pinyin_list)
text_str = ''.join(text_list)
pinyin_line_list = pinyin_str.split('\n')
text_line_list = text_str.split("\n")
final_result = ""
for i in range(len(pinyin_line_list)):
final_result += pinyin_line_list[i] + '\n' + text_line_list[i] + "\n"
return final_result
最初接触一个读取剪贴板内容的pyperclip模块,琢磨对剪贴板中字符串如何操作。恰巧听到《生僻字》,觉得既然逐字查拼音是个麻烦事,何不通过Python来批量添加拼音呢?很幸运,还真有大佬写了这个pypinyin库,在Github上也已有1500多颗星了~
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from pypinyin import pinyin
def is_Chinese(word):
for ch in word:
#通常汉字都在'\u4e00' 和 '\u9fff之间,但是生僻字如“㙓” 位于拓展库 '\u3400' 到 '\u4DB5'之间
if ('\u4e00' <= ch and ch <= '\u9fff') or ('\u3400' <= ch and ch <= '\u4DB5'):
return True
return False
def transfer(text):
#去除字符串中空格
no_space_text = ''.join(text.split(" "))
raw_list = []
temp = ""
for i in range(len(no_space_text)):
if is_Chinese(no_space_text[i]):
if temp != "":
raw_list.append(temp)
temp=""
raw_list.append(no_space_text[i])
else:
temp+=no_space_text[i]
#生成拼音列表
pylist = pinyin(no_space_text)
#将拼音列表和字符串拼接对齐
text_list = []
pinyin_list = []
for i in range(len(raw_list)):
if is_Chinese(raw_list[i]):
pinyin_list.append(pylist[i][0].ljust(6, ' '))
text_list.append(raw_list[i].ljust(5,' '))
else:
pinyin_list.append(pylist[i][0])
text_list.append(raw_list[i])
pinyin_str = ''.join(pinyin_list)
text_str = ''.join(text_list)
pinyin_line_list = pinyin_str.split('\n')
text_line_list = text_str.split("\n")
final_result = ""
for i in range(len(pinyin_line_list)):
final_result += pinyin_line_list[i] + '\n' + text_line_list[i] + "\n"
return final_result
def main():
txt_name = "生僻字"
#读写txt文档时,encoding="UTF-8-sig"是为了去除utf-8带的BOM头'\ufeff'
with open("%s.txt"%txt_name,encoding="UTF-8-sig") as f:
content = f.read()
input_str = content
# print('input_str:',input_str)
result = transfer(input_str)
print(result)
with open("%s_拼音.txt"%txt_name,'w',encoding='UTF-8-sig') as m:
m.write(result)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
代码中有两点,在这记录下: