首先贴出四种方法适用范围比较：

注释：Excel 2003 即XLS文件有大小限制即65536行256列，所以不支持大文件，而Excel 2007以上即XLSX文件的限制则为1048576行16384列

着重介绍openpyxl 操作excel

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


import openpyxl
import os


class Excel_Operate():
    """
    openpyxl 只支持xlsx
    优点能够读写大文件
    """
    wb = openpyxl.Workbook()

    @classmethod
    def create(cls, ex_path, name, sheet_name=None, sheet_names=[]):
        """
        :param ex_path:保存路径
        :param name: excel名称
        :param sheet_name: 默认sheet名称
        :param sheet_names:其它sheet名称
        :return:
        """
        if not os.path.exists(ex_path):
            os.makedirs(ex_path)

        ex_path_name = os.path.join(ex_path, name)
        if os.path.exists(ex_path_name):
            return True

        ws1 = cls.wb.active  # 默认表sheet1
        if sheet_name:
            ws1.title = sheet_name

        for name in sheet_names:  # 定义其它sheet页
            cls.wb.create_sheet(str(name))

        cls.wb.save(ex_path_name)

    @classmethod
    def add_to_data(cls, ex_path_name, data, sheetname):
        """

        :param ex_path_name:
        :param data: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
        :return:
        """

        if not os.path.exists(ex_path_name):
            return {"status": False, "message": "文件不存在"}

        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(ex_path_name)
        # sheetnames = wb.sheetnames  # [u'Sheet'] 获取所有sheet页list

        ws = wb[sheetname]  # 选取第一个sheet页

        for x in data:
            ws.append(x)
        wb.save(ex_path_name)

    @classmethod
    def read_data(cls, ex_path_name, is_col, is_row=True):
        """

        :param ex_path_name:
        :param is_col: 以列形式返回
        :param is_row: 以行形式返回
        :return:
        """

        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(ex_path_name)
        # 获取全部表名
        sheetnames = wb.sheetnames
        ws = wb[sheetnames[0]]
        # 表总行数max_row
        max_row = ws.max_row
        # 表总列数
        max_col = ws.max_column

        row_data = []  # 行数据
        col_data = []  # 列数据

        if is_row:
            for i in range(1, max_row + 1):
                t_data = []
                for x in range(1, max_col + 1):
                    # 获取表中x行1列的值
                    cell_data = ws.cell(column=x, row=i).value
                    t_data.append(cell_data)
                row_data.append(t_data)
            return row_data

        if is_col:
            for i in range(1, max_col + 1):
                t_data = []
                for x in range(1, max_row + 1):
                    # 获取表中x行1列的值
                    cell_data = ws.cell(row=x, column=i).value
                    t_data.append(cell_data)
                col_data.append(t_data)
            return col_data
        return []


if __name__ == "__main__":
    Excel_Operate.create("/tmp/abcd/202108", "数据导出.xlsx", sheet_name=u"物流数据", sheet_names=[1, 2, 3])
    Excel_Operate.add_to_data("/tmp/abcd/202108/数据导出.xlsx", data=[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], sheetname=u"物流数据")

    # new_data = Excel_Operate.read_data("/tmp/excel/6_new.xlsx", is_col=True, is_row=False)
    #
    # old_data = Excel_Operate.read_data("/tmp/excel/6_old.xlsx", is_col=True, is_row=False)
    # print(len(new_data[0]), len(old_data[0]))
    #
    # new_cha_data = set(new_data[0]) - set(old_data[0])
    # print(new_cha_data)
    #
    # old_cha_data = set(old_data[0]) - set(new_data[0])
    # print(old_cha_data)