创建项目

scrapy startproject xinlang

创建爬虫文件spider

cd xinlang
scrapy genspider xinlangnews roll.news.sina.com.cn

创建调试文件

cd ..
import scrapy.cmdline

#无日志
scrapy.cmdline.execute('scrapy crawl xinlangnews --nolog'.split())

#有日志
#scrapy.cmdline.execute('scrapy crawl xinlangnews'.split())

修改settings.py中爬虫协议

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

在xinlangnews.py中(刚才创建的爬虫文件)

from xinlang.items import XinlangItem
import scrapy

class XinlangnewsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'xinlangnews'
    allowed_domains = ['roll.news.sina.com.cn']
    start_urls = ['http://roll.news.sina.com.cn/news/gnxw/gdxw1/index_1.shtml']

    def parse(self, response):
        news_list = response.xpath('//ul[@class="list_009"]/li')
       # news_list = response.css('.list_009 > li')     css选择器解析
        for new in news_list:
            new_title = new.xpath('./a/text()').get()
            new_time = new.xpath('./span/text()').get()
            item = XinlangItem()
            item['newstitle'] = new_title
            item['newstime'] = new_time
            yield item  								#需要进入管道则yield

在items.py中

import scrapy
class XinlangItem(scrapy.Item):
    newstitle = scrapy.Field()
    newstime = scrapy.Field()

进入管道配置(settings.py)

65行代码:
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
	'xinlang.pipelines.XinlangPipeline': 300,
	}

在piplines.py中

from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
import pymysql

class XinlangPipeline:

    # 爬虫开始
    def open_spider(self, spider):
        print('开始')
        # 连接MySQL
        self.db = pymysql.connect(
            host='公网地址', port=3306,
            user='root', password='数据库密码',
            database='spider88', charset='utf8'
        )
        self.cursor = self.db.cursor()

    # 爬虫结束
    def close_spider(self, spider):
        print('结束')
        self.cursor.close()
        self.db.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        # print(spider.name)  # 这个类中的spider必须有这个形参,不然报错,这是传过来的参数

        print(f'---- {item} ----')

        news_title = item['newstitle']
        news_time = item['newstime']

        # sql语句
        sql = 'insert into xinlangnews(newstitle, newtime) values("%s","%s")' \
              % (news_title, news_time)

        # 执行和提交sql
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        self.db.commit()

        return item