python --单例实现
def singleton(cls):
_instance = {}
def inner():
if cls not in _instance:
_instance[cls] = cls()
return _instance[cls]
return inner
@singleton
class Cls(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
cls1 = Cls()
cls2 = Cls()
print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))
class Singleton(object):
def __init__(self, cls):
self._cls = cls
self._instance = {}
def __call__(self):
if self._cls not in self._instance:
self._instance[self._cls] = self._cls()
return self._instance[self._cls]
@Singleton
class Cls2(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
cls1 = Cls2()
cls2 = Cls2()
print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))
同时,由于是面对对象的,这里还可以这么用
class Cls3():
pass
Cls3 = Singleton(Cls3)
cls3 = Cls3()
cls4 = Cls3()
print(id(cls3) == id(cls4))
class Single(object):
_instance = None
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
if cls._instance is None:
cls._instance = object.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
return cls._instance
def __init__(self):
pass
single1 = Single()
single2 = Single()
print(id(single1) == id(single2))
class Singleton(type):
_instances = {}
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls not in cls._instances:
cls._instances[cls] = super(Singleton, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instances[cls]
class Cls4(metaclass=Singleton):
pass
cls1 = Cls4()
cls2 = Cls4()
print(id(cls1) == id(cls2))
import time
import threading
class Singleton(object):
_instance_lock = threading.Lock()
def __init__(self):
time.sleep(1)
@classmethod
def instance(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):
with Singleton._instance_lock:
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):
Singleton._instance = Singleton(*args, **kwargs)
return Singleton._instance
def task(arg):
obj = Singleton.instance()
print(obj)
for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[i, ])
t.start()
time.sleep(20)
obj = Singleton.instance()
print(obj)
这种方式实现的单例模式,使用时会有限制,以后实例化必须通过 obj = Singleton.instance()
如果用 obj=Singleton() ,这种方式得到的不是单例
import threading
class Singleton(object):
_instance_lock = threading.Lock()
def __init__(self):
pass
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):
with Singleton._instance_lock:
if not hasattr(Singleton, "_instance"):
Singleton._instance = object.__new__(cls)
return Singleton._instance
obj1 = Singleton()
obj2 = Singleton()
print(obj1, obj2)
def task(arg):
obj = Singleton()
print(obj)
for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[i, ])
t.start()
import threading
class SingletonType(type):
_instance_lock = threading.Lock()
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not hasattr(cls, "_instance"):
with SingletonType._instance_lock:
if not hasattr(cls, "_instance"):
cls._instance = super(SingletonType,cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instance
class Foo(metaclass=SingletonType):
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
obj1 = Foo('name')
obj2 = Foo('name')
print(obj1,obj2)
class Singleton(object):
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
orig = super(Singleton, cls)
cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls._instance
class MyClass(Singleton):
a = 1
one = MyClass()
two = MyClass()
#one和two完全相同,可以用id(), ==, is检测
print id(one) # 29097904
print id(two) # 29097904
print one == two # True
print one is two # True
class Singleton2(type):
def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
super(Singleton2, cls).__init__(name, bases, dict)
cls._instance = None
def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if cls._instance is None:
cls._instance = super(Singleton2, cls).__call__(*args, **kwargs)
return cls._instance
class MyClass2(object):
__metaclass__ = Singleton2
a = 1
one = MyClass2()
two = MyClass2()
print id(one) # 31495472
print id(two) # 31495472
print one == two # True
print one is two # True