MicroPython是一种精简高效的Python解释器,专为运行在微控制器和受限环境下设计。它支持大多数Python语法和标准库,同时提供了丰富的硬件控制接口,使开发者能够用Python编写嵌入式应用。MicroPython已经被广泛应用于物联网(IoT)设备、机器人、自动化系统等领域。本文将详细介绍MicroPython库的安装、主要功能、基本操作、高级功能及其实践应用,并提供丰富的示例代码。
MicroPython的安装因不同的硬件平台而异。以下是几个常见平台的安装步骤:
pip install esptool
esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 erase_flash
esptool.py --port /dev/ttyUSB0 --baud 460800 write_flash --flash_size=detect 0 esp8266-20220618-v1.18.bin
Pyboard是MicroPython官方开发的开发板,已预装MicroPython固件。如果需要重新安装或更新固件,可以从MicroPython官方固件下载页面下载适用于Pyboard的固件文件,并按照官方网站上的指南进行操作。
以下示例展示了如何在MicroPython中编写一个简单的“Hello, World!”程序:
print("Hello, World!")
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython控制开发板上的LED灯:
from machine import Pin
import time
# 初始化LED灯
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
# 闪烁LED灯
while True:
led.value(not led.value())
time.sleep(1)
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython读取DHT11温湿度传感器的数据:
import dht
from machine import Pin
import time
# 初始化DHT11传感器
dht11 = dht.DHT11(Pin(4))
while True:
dht11.measure()
temperature = dht11.temperature()
humidity = dht11.humidity()
print("Temperature:", temperature, "C")
print("Humidity:", humidity, "%")
time.sleep(2)
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython在设备的文件系统上进行文件读写操作:
# 写入文件
with open('data.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write('Hello, MicroPython!')
# 读取文件
with open('data.txt', 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
print(content)
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython连接Wi-Fi网络并创建一个简单的HTTP服务器:
import network
import socket
# 连接Wi-Fi网络
ssid = 'your_SSID'
password = 'your_PASSWORD'
station = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
station.active(True)
station.connect(ssid, password)
while not station.isconnected():
pass
print('Connection successful')
print(station.ifconfig())
# 创建HTTP服务器
addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(addr)
s.listen(5)
print('Listening on', addr)
while True:
cl, addr = s.accept()
print('Client connected from', addr)
cl_file = cl.makefile('rwb', 0)
while True:
line = cl_file.readline()
if not line or line == b'\r\n':
break
response = """\
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Hello, World!
"""
cl.send(response)
cl.close()
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython处理硬件中断:
from machine import Pin
# 定义中断处理函数
def handle_interrupt(pin):
print('Interrupt detected!')
# 初始化引脚
interrupt_pin = Pin(4, Pin.IN)
interrupt_pin.irq(trigger=Pin.IRQ_FALLING, handler=handle_interrupt)
while True:
pass
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython实现简单的智能家居控制,通过Web界面控制LED灯的开关:
import network
import socket
from machine import Pin
# 连接Wi-Fi网络
ssid = 'your_SSID'
password = 'your_PASSWORD'
station = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
station.active(True)
station.connect(ssid, password)
while not station.isconnected():
pass
print('Connection successful')
print(station.ifconfig())
# 初始化LED灯
led = Pin(2, Pin.OUT)
# 创建HTTP服务器
addr = socket.getaddrinfo('0.0.0.0', 80)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.bind(addr)
s.listen(5)
print('Listening on', addr)
def web_page():
if led.value() == 1:
gpio_state = "ON"
else:
gpio_state = "OFF"
html = """<html>
<head>
<title>MicroPython LED Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>MicroPython LED Control</h1>
<p>LED state: <strong>{}</strong></p>
<a href="/?led=on"><button>Turn ON</button></a>
<a href="/?led=off"><button>Turn OFF</button></a>
</body>
</html>""".format(gpio_state)
return html
while True:
cl, addr = s.accept()
print('Client connected from', addr)
cl_file = cl.makefile('rwb', 0)
while True:
line = cl_file.readline()
if not line or line == b'\r\n':
break
request = str(cl_file.readline())
print('Content =', request)
led_on = request.find('/?led=on')
led_off = request.find('/?led=off')
if led_on == 6:
print('LED ON')
led.value(1)
if led_off == 6:
print('LED OFF')
led.value(0)
response = web_page()
cl.send('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n')
cl.send('Content-Type: text/html\n')
cl.send('Connection: close\n\n')
cl.sendall(response)
cl.close()
以下示例展示了如何使用MicroPython构建一个简单的环境监测系统,定期读取温湿度数据并上传到服务器:
import dht
import network
import socket
from machine import Pin
import time
# 连接Wi-Fi网络
ssid = 'your_SSID'
password = 'your_PASSWORD'
station = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)
station.active(True)
station.connect(ssid, password)
while not station.isconnected():
pass
print('Connection successful')
print(station.ifconfig())
# 初始化DHT11传感器
dht11 = dht.DHT11(Pin(4))
# 服务器地址
server = 'your.server.com'
port = 80
while True:
dht11.measure()
temperature = dht11.temperature()
humidity = dht11.humidity()
print("Temperature:", temperature, "C")
print("Humidity:", humidity, "%")
# 创建HTTP请求
addr = socket.getaddrinfo(server, port)[0][-1]
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(addr)
request = 'GET /update?temp={}&humidity={} HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: {}\r\n\r\n'.format(temperature, humidity, server)
s.send(request.encode())
response = s.recv(1024)
s.close()
print(response)
time.sleep(60)
MicroPython库为Python开发者提供了一个功能强大且灵活的工具,用于嵌入式开发。通过其简洁的API和丰富的功能,用户可以轻松控制硬件设备,处理传感器数据,进行网络通信等。无论是在物联网、智能家居、机器人还是自动化系统中,MicroPython都能提供强大的支持和便利。本文详细介绍了MicroPython库的安装、主要功能、基本操作、高级功能及其实践应用,并提供了丰富的示例代码。希望在实际项目中能够充分利用MicroPython库,提高嵌入式开发的效率和效果。