现象

今天安装pip install django时总是提示安装失败，提示超时（pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

），完整错误信息如下：

(venv) C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF>pip install django
Collecting django
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ca/ab/5e004afa025a6fb640c6e983d4983e6507421ff01be224da79ab7de7a21f/Django-3.0.8-py3-none-any.whl (7.5MB)
    20% |██████▌                         | 1.5MB 7.1kB/s eta 0:13:57Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 232, in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 314, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 60, in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 457, in read
    n = self.readinto(b)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 501, in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 1071, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 929, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\commands\install.py", line 324, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\req\req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\req\req_set.py", line 620, in _prepare_file
    session=self.session, hashes=hashes)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 821, in unpack_url
    hashes=hashes
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 659, in unpack_http_url
    hashes)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 882, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 603, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\utils\hashes.py", line 46, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 571, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\utils\ui.py", line 139, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\download.py", line 560, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 357, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 324, in read
    flush_decoder = True
  File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\aijoke_DRF\venv\lib\site-packages\pip-9.0.1-py3.7.egg\pip\_vendor\requests\packages\urllib3\response.py", line 237, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.

问题原因

出现此错误，一般都是超时导致的，可能是因为网络卡，或者下载的文件比较大等等原因

解决方案

1.增加超时时间

pip --default-timeout=100 install -U django

2.切换国内源

pip install django  -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple --trusted-host=pypi.douban.com