- 1.实例化一个BeautifulSoup对象,并且将页面源码数据加载到该对象中
- 2.通过调用BeautifulSoup对象中相关的属性或者方法进行标签定位和数据提取
- 环境安装:
- pip install bs4
- pip install lxml
- 如何实例化BeautifulSoup对象:
- from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
- 对象的实例化:
- 1.将本地的html文档中的数据加载到该对象中
fp = open('./test.html','r',encoding='utf-8')
soup = BeautifulSoup(fp,'lxml')
- 2.将互联网上获取的页面源码加载到该对象中
page_text = response.text
soup = BeatifulSoup(page_text,'lxml')
- 提供的用于数据解析的方法和属性:
- soup.tagName:返回的是文档中第一次出现的tagName对应的标签
- soup.find():
- find('tagName'):等同于soup.div
- 属性定位:
-soup.find('div',class_/id/attr='song')
- soup.find_all('tagName'):返回符合要求的所有标签(列表)
- select:
- select('某种选择器(id,class,标签...选择器)'),返回的是一个列表。
- 层级选择器:
- soup.select('.tang > ul > li > a'):>表示的是一个层级
- oup.select('.tang > ul a'):空格表示的多个层级
- 获取标签之间的文本数据:
- soup.a.text/string/get_text()
- text/get_text():可以获取某一个标签中所有的文本内容
- string:只可以获取该标签下面直系的文本内容
- 获取标签中属性值:
- soup.a['href']
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@File : 爬取小说.py
@Time : 2022/3/11 13:00
@Author : simon
@Email : 294168604@qq.com
@Software: PyCharm
"""
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
# 需求:爬取三国演义小说所有的章节标题和章节内容http://www.shicimingju.com/book/sanguoyanyi.html
if __name__ == "__main__":
url = 'http://www.shicimingju.com/book/sanguoyanyi.html'
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/98.0.4758.102 Safari/537.36'
}
page_text = requests.get(url=url,headers=headers)
page_text.encoding = 'utf-8'
# 在首页中解析出章节的标题和详情页的url
# 1.实例化BeautifulSoup对象,需要将页面源码数据加载到该对象中
soup = BeautifulSoup(page_text.text, 'lxml')
# 解析章节标题和详情页的url
li_list = soup.select('.book-mulu > ul > li')
for li in li_list:
title = li.a.string
detail_url = 'http://www.shicimingju.com' + li.a['href']
# 对详情页发起请求,解析出章节内容
detail_page_text = requests.get(url=detail_url, headers=headers)
detail_page_text.encoding = 'utf-8'
# 解析出详情页中相关的章节内容
detail_soup = BeautifulSoup(detail_page_text.text, 'lxml')
div_tag = detail_soup.find('div', class_='chapter_content')
# 解析到了章节的内容
content = div_tag.text
with open('./sanguo.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
fp.write(title + ':' + content + '\n')
print(title, '爬取成功!!!')
效果展示