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Python爬虫主流存储类型(TXT,JSON,CSV,Mysql,Mongodb,Redis)实战

时间：03-27来源：作者：点击数：54

一、目的

这次依然是爬取猫眼电影排行榜，然后用将爬取到的数据分别存储为TXT,JSON,CSV或者分别存储在Mysql,Mongodb,Redis等数据库中。

这次操作和依赖技术相对复杂些，既要掌握基本sql语句，也要配置各种数据库环境。

二、实现

1. 环境依赖

python3
request
mysql
mongodb
redis
爬取和解析不是这次的重点，所以一言带过。至于mysql、mongodb、redis的安装与配置将在下面分开来说。

2. 爬取和解析函数

# coding = utf-8
__author__ = 'wardseptember'
__date__ = '18-10-26'
import json
import requests
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
import re
from redis import StrictRedis

def get_one_page(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.text
        return None
    except RequestException:
        return None

def parse_one_page(html):
    pattern = re.compile('<dd>.*?board-index.*?>(\d+)</i>.*?data-src="(.*?)".*?name"><a'
                         +'.*?>(.*?)</a>.*?star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>'
                         +'.*?integer">(.*?)</i>.*?fraction">(.*?)</i>.*?</dd>', re.S)
    items = re.findall(pattern, html)
    for item in items:
        yield {
            'index': item[0],
            'image': item[1],
            'title': item[2],
            'actor': item[3].strip()[3:],
            'time': item[4].strip()[5:],
            'score': item[5]+item[6]
        }

3. 存成TXT

def write_to_file(content):
    with open('result_re.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(json.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False) + '\n')
        f.close()

4. 存成JSON

import json
def write_to_file(content):
    with open('result_re.json', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(json.dumps(content, ensure_ascii=False) + '\n')
        f.close()

5. 存成CSV

import csv
def write_to_file(content):
    with open('result_re.csv', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        fieldnames=['index','image','title','actor','time','score']
        writer=csv.DictWriter(f,fieldnames=fieldnames)
        writer.writeheader()
        writer.writerow(content)
        f.close()

6. 存入mysql

6.1 mysql安装与配置

我的是系统是ubuntu 16.04 LTS，我安装了mysql5.7和可视化工具mysql-workbench安装配置教程在这，就不详细说了。

6.2 实现函数

连接数据库要改host='localhost', user='root', password='156352', port=3306数据

，对应输入你的就行了

#创建数据库
def createDatabase():
    db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='156352', port=3306)
    cursor = db.cursor()
    cursor.execute('SELECT VERSION()')
    data = cursor.fetchone()
    print('Database version:', data)
    cursor.execute("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS MaoYanDB DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8")
    print("MaoYanDB数据库创建成功")
    db.close()

#创建表
def createTableMaoYanDB():
    db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='156352',port=3306,db='MaoYanDB',charset='utf8')
    cursor=db.cursor()
    sql_table = 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS maoyan (id INT NOT NULL, title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, ' \
                'image VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, actor VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, releasetime VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, ' \
                'score FLOAT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY(id))'
    cursor.execute(sql_table)
    print("maoyan表创建成功")
    db.close()
#写入
def writeMysql(content):
    db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='156352',port=3306,db='MaoYanDB',charset='utf8')
    cursor=db.cursor()
    sql_insert='INSERT INTO maoyan(id,title,image,actor,releasetime,score) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)'
    cursor.execute(sql_insert,(content))
    db.commit()
    db.close()

6.3 部分结果一览

7. 存入mongodb

7.1 安装与配置mongodb

我的是系统是ubuntu 16.04 LTS，下面是我mongodb配置的笔记，仅供参考。网上有很多教程。

sudo python3 -m pip install pymongo   #安装python模块

#mongodb官方下载连接
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-ubuntu/

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 9DA31620334BD75D9DCB49F368818C72E52529D4
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu xenial/mongodb-org/4.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.0.list

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org

在你的/home/用户名/下新建data文件夹，再在data文件下新建db文件夹
mongod --port 27017 --dbpath ~/data/db#不能关，进行以下配置

db.createUser({user: 'admin',pwd:'156352',roles:[{role:'root',db:'admin'}]})

#配置
sudo vi /etc/mongod.conf

sudo service mongod restart

mongodb可视化
https://robomongo.org/download

7.2 实现函数

def writeMongodb(content):
    client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
    db = client['maoyan']  # 给数据库命名
    maoyanTable = db['maoyan_top100']  # 表名
    maoyanTable.insert_one(content)

7.3 部分结果一览

8. 存入redis数据库

8.1 redis的安装与配置

sudo apt-get -y install redis-server
redis-cli

sudo gedit /etc/redis/redis.conf
#注销bind
#bind 127.0.0.1
#启用密码
requirepass foobared

sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server restart
sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server stop
sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server start

sudo python3 -m pip install redis


安装ruby   redis-dump
https://www.ruby-lang.org/zh_cn/documentation/installation/
sudo apt-get install ruby-full
sudo gem install redis-dump
redis-dump
redis-load

 redis-cli -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 -a foobared
 
 redis可视化
 sudo snap install redis-desktop-manager  #用这句安装，极度可靠
 http://docs.redisdesktop.com/en/latest/install/#build-from-source

8.2 实现函数

from redis import StrictRedis
def write_to_file(content):
    redis=StrictRedis(host='localhost',port=6379,db=0,password='foobared')
    redis.lpush('index',content['index'])
    redis.lpush('image',content['image'])
    redis.lpush('title',content['title'])
    redis.lpush('actor',content['actor'])
    redis.lpush('time',content['time'])
    redis.lpush('score',content['score'])